The traditional treatment for the condition has consisted of surgical ligation, or removal of the vein.
2.
In animals, the most effective form of treatment until recently has been surgical ligation of the thoracic duct combined with partial pericardectomy.
3.
When indicated, management is directed towards stopping bleeding and relieving obstruction if present, which is achieved either by surgical ligation of hepatic artery or by endoscopic embolisation.
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